Design of Optimal Controllers for Automatic Voltage Regulation Using Archimedes Optimizer

Automatic voltage regulators (AVRs) in electrical grids preserve the at its nominal value. Regulating parameters of proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controllers used for AVRs is a nonlinear optimization issue. The objective function designed to minimize settling time, rise and overshoot step response resultant with subjugation constraints PID controller parameters. In this study, we suggest using an Archimedes algorithm (AOA) tune AVRs. addition, AOA optimize fractional-order (FOPID) plus second-order derivative (PIDD2) also investigated validate their effectiveness. disturbance repudiation robustness AOA-PID are examined confirmed. To results controllers, they compared those other optimized convergence speed, quality response. indicate that functions perfectly it has good potential optimizing better based on approaches while preferring AOA–PIDD2 over kinds controllers.